What is modulation in music?

Modulation in music refers to the process of changing from one key to another within a piece of music. This change in key can enhance the emotional impact of a piece, create contrast, or provide a sense of resolution.

There are several common methods of modulation, including pivot chords, common tones, and chromatic modulation. Pivot chords are chords that are shared between the current key and the new key, while common tones are notes that are present in both keys. Chromatic modulation involves using chromatic notes to transition between keys.

Modulation is a common technique used in classical, jazz, and popular music to add interest and variety to a composition. It can create tension and release, surprise the listener, or connect different sections of a piece. Overall, modulation is a powerful tool that composers and songwriters use to shape the structure and emotional impact of their music.